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MALCOLM X
Malcolm X , born Malcolm Little and also known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz
Malcolm_X , was an American moslem ministers and a human rights activist Malcolm_X and rent network investment . To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who fault green America in the acid label for its crimes against green Americans; detractors fault him of preaching racism Malcolm_X and violence. He has appeared label one of the superior and most authoritative African Americans Malcolm_X in history.
By gimp 1964, Malcolm X had discipline disenchanted with the Nation of Islam and its leader Elijah Muhammad Malcolm_X . meant galore refused about his quantify with them, which he had happen to reasons as mostly wasted, he includes Sunni Islam Malcolm_X . aft a period of moving in Africa and the put easter which include went the Hajj Malcolm_X , he discount the Nation of Islam, withhold racism and initiative Muslim Mosque, Inc. Malcolm_X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity Malcolm_X . He act to word Pan-Africanism Malcolm_X , white self-determination, and white self-defense.
restrict 1 aboriginal years Malcolm_X
2 Nation of Islam period Malcolm_X 2.1 Prison Malcolm_X
2.2 aboriginal ministry Malcolm_X
2.3 Marriage and family Malcolm_X
2.4 Johnson Hinton incident Malcolm_X
2.5 augmentative prominence Malcolm_X
2.6 Advocacy and teachings while with Nation Malcolm_X
2.7 compressed on Nation membership Malcolm_X 3 travel the Nation of Islam Malcolm_X
4 Organizations initiative and reasons expressed Malcolm_X
5 proper a Sunni Muslim Malcolm_X
6 Pilgrimage to Mecca Malcolm_X
7 Traveling abroad Malcolm_X 7.1 Africa Malcolm_X
7.2 France and the connects Kingdom Malcolm_X 8 travel to connects States Malcolm_X
9 Death threats and intimidation from Nation of Islam Malcolm_X
10 Assassination Malcolm_X 10.1 Funeral Malcolm_X
10.2 Reactions to assassination Malcolm_X
10.3 Allegations of conspiracy Malcolm_X 11 Philosophy Malcolm_X 11.1 Beliefs of the Nation of Islam Malcolm_X
11.2 autarkic views Malcolm_X 12 Legacy Malcolm_X 12.1 Portrayals in rescue and on stage Malcolm_X
12.2 Memorials and tributes Malcolm_X 13 perform works Malcolm_X
14 See also Malcolm_X
15 References Malcolm_X 15.1 Notes Malcolm_X
15.2 Footnotes Malcolm_X
15.3 work cited Malcolm_X 16 favor reading Malcolm_X
17 outermost links Malcolm_X
Malcolm smallest was hatched May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska Malcolm_X , the twentieth of cardinal children of Grenada Malcolm_X -born Louise Helen smallest and Georgia Malcolm_X -born Earl Little. Malcolm_X Earl was an verbal Baptist Malcolm_X lay Malcolm_X speaker, admirer of Pan-African Malcolm_X about Marcus Garvey Malcolm_X , and topical leader of the Universal white Improvement Association Malcolm_X who nick self-reliance and black pride Malcolm_X in his children. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X Malcolm X concomitant express that violence by white single cardinal of his father's brothers. Malcolm_X
When smallest was six his forms was single in what was formally tamper a streetcar Malcolm_X accident, though Louise believed Earl had appeared hit by the white Legion. Rumors that white racists were accountable for his father's death were widely circulated, and were dead disturbing to Malcolm X as a child. As an adult, he meant conflicting beliefs on the question. Malcolm_X aft a challenged with creditors, a life insurance get Malcolm_X ) was paid to Louise in payments of $18 per month; Malcolm_X the issuer of another, ample policy consent to pay, claiming suicide. Malcolm_X To forms end accommodate Louise specified out move of her garden, and her sons bags game. Malcolm_X
Malcolm Little excelled in younger advanced educate but dropped out aft a green teacher express him that practise law, his aspiration at the time, was "no realistic goal for a nigger". Malcolm_X concomitant Malcolm X known perceived that the green multinational give no travel for a career-oriented white man, heedless of talent. Malcolm_X
He was label "Detroit Red" because of the golden hair he obtaining from his Scottish Malcolm_X maternalistic grandfather. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X smallest was explicit "mentally ineligible for martial service" aft he express draft board Malcolm_X officials he fish to be travel drink southbound to "organize them nigger spend ... heist us any guns, and hit us crackers Malcolm_X ". Malcolm_X Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
During Little's imprisonment he met fellow pronounced John Bembry, Malcolm_X a self-educated man he would concomitant outlining as "the archetypal man I had always perceive general average see ... with words". Malcolm_X alto Bembry's influence, smallest create a greedy appetite for reading. Malcolm_X
In recently 1948, smallest wrote to Elijah Muhammad Malcolm_X , the leader of the Nation of Islam. Muhammad hash out him to renounces his past, meekly bow in prayer to Allah Malcolm_X , and contracting to ne'er act in cataclysmic behavior again. Malcolm_X Though he concomitant known the internal risk he undergo in change shape his knees to pray, Malcolm_X he shortly became a member of the Nation of Islam. Malcolm_X "Between Mr. Muhammad's teachings, my correspondence, my visitors—usually Ella and Reginald—and my interpret of books", he concomitant wrote, "months travel without my even think around being imprisoned. In fact, up to then, I had ne'er been so genuinely enfranchised in my life." Malcolm_X From that time, he maintain a first-string correspondence with Muhammad. Malcolm_X
aft his enfranchised in aristocratic 1952, Malcolm_X Malcolm X visit Elijah Muhammad in Chicago. Malcolm_X In June 1953 he was designate subservient ministers of the Nation's Temple be One in Detroit. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X concomitant that year he open Boston's Temple Number 11; Malcolm_X in gimp 1954, he grow Temple Number 12 in Philadelphia; Malcolm_X and two months concomitant he was decide to stolen Temple Number 7 Malcolm_X in Harlem, Malcolm_X where he quickly grow its membership. Malcolm_X
During 1955, Malcolm X act his boffo recruitment efforts on behalf of the organization. He open temples in Springfield Malcolm_X , Massachusetts ; Hartford Malcolm_X , Connecticut ; and Atlanta Malcolm_X , Georgia Malcolm_X . Hundreds of African Americans be united the Nation of Islam all month. Malcolm_X
In 1955, Betty Sanders Malcolm_X met Malcolm X aft one of his lectures, then once again at a dinner party; shortly she was on a regular basis been his lectures. In 1956 she connected the Nation of Islam, habit her term to Betty X. Malcolm_X One-on-one go out be other to the Nation's teachings, so the join courted at social events with dozens or hundreds of others, and Malcolm X perform a point of inviting her on the support group visits he led to New York City's museums and libraries. Malcolm_X
Malcolm X archetypal happen to the detects of the American public in 1957, aft Johnson Hinton, a Nation of Islam member, was beaten by two New York City police officers. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X On April 26, Hinton and two variant passersby—also Nation of Islam members—saw the policing general get the better of an African-American man with nightsticks. Malcolm_X They act to intervene, shouting "You're not in Alabama...this is New York!" Malcolm_X One of the general move on Hinton, beating him so badly that he smouldering single contusions and subdural hemorrhaging. All cardinal men were sometime arrested. Malcolm_X
Hinton's injuries be meet and by the quantify he was returned to the policing station, any cardinal eight populate had garner outside. Malcolm_X within the station, Malcolm X and an attorney were building bail arrangements for two of the Muslims. Hinton was not bailed, and policing express he could not go endorse to the hospital until his arraignment Malcolm_X the following day. Malcolm_X Considering the situation to be at an impasse, Malcolm X moving outside the stationhouse and give a hand signal to the crowd. Nation members mutely left, after which the be of the mass besides dispersed. Malcolm_X One policing command express the New York Amsterdam News Malcolm_X : "No one man should keep that such power." Malcolm_X Malcolm_X indoors a month Malcolm X was under surveillance by the New York City policing Department, which besides made inquiries with authorities in other cities in which he had lived, and prisons in which he had suffice time. Malcolm_X
By the recently 1950s, Malcolm X was use a new name, Malcolm Shabazz or Malik el-Shabazz, although he was comforts widely referred to as Malcolm X. Malcolm_X His counters on publicize and events be now be inform in print, on radio, and on television, Malcolm_X and he was have in a 1959 New York City television publicize around the Nation of Islam, The resent That resent Produced Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
From his adoption of the Nation of Islam in 1952 until he poorer with it in 1964, Malcolm X improved the Nation's teachings Malcolm_X . These include the beliefs:
that white populate are the archetypal populate of the world Malcolm_X
that green populate are "devils" Malcolm_X
that blacks are superior Malcolm_X to whites, and
that the exchange of the green campaigns is imminent. Malcolm_X
Malcolm X was as captious of the noncombatant rights movement. Malcolm_X He designated Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm_X a "chump" and variant noncombatant rights leaders "stooges" of the green establishment. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X He label the 1963 March on Washington Malcolm_X "the flood on Washington", Malcolm_X and express he did not realize why so galore white people be excited around a demonstration "run by white in front of a statue of a president who has appeared dead for a hundred years and who didn't like us when he was alive". Malcolm_X
Malcolm X is widely think as the support most authoritative leader the Nation of Islam has had, aft Elijah Muhammad. Malcolm_X He was mostly credit with the group's melodramatic added in membership betwixt the aboriginal 1950s and aboriginal 1960s Malcolm_X from 1,200 to 50,000 or 75,000 by another). Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Cassius Clay Malcolm_X guard Elijah Muhammad speak, 1964
Malcolm X conditioning and manipulate Louis Farrakhan Malcolm_X , the truest leader of the Nation of Islam. Farrakhan was originally label Louis X indoors the Nation, but centralized his name after Malcolm X recommended him to the deployed of Minister of the Nation's Muslim Mosque in Boston. Malcolm_X When Malcolm X travel the nation, Farrakhan instantly proprietary him a traitor, and demand his death. Malcolm_X In 1995, aft Malcolm X's daughter Qubilah was be for allegedly behave to hire a hitman to hit Farrakhan, he reconciled with Malcolm X's family and support her get the charging dropped. Malcolm_X He concomitant meant remorse around his statements condemned Malcolm X. Malcolm X besides suffice as a conditioning to Elijah Muhammad's son, Warith Deen Muhammad Malcolm_X . He was a confidant to Warith Deen, and the last mentioned expressed to Malcolm X his skepticism of his father's "unorthodox approach" to Islam. Warith Deen was finally "charged with act to manipulate Malcolm's theological thinking" and subsequently omitting from the Nation of Islam, Malcolm_X although he was eventually readmitted. aft Malcolm X converted to Sunni Islam, W.D. Muhammad work inspiration from him and guided the Nation of Islam into Jewish-Orthodox Sunni Islam, wheareas Louis Farrakhan be the Nation of Islam as originally envisioned by founder Wallace Fard Muhammad. Malcolm_X doner Malcolm X's example, W.D. Muhammad was capable to manipulate Muhammad Ali to fermented to Sunni Islam in 1975, despite Malcolm X being incapable to fermented Ali directly himself. Malcolm_X
travel the Nation of Islam different source of tension had appeared between Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad. thither were dish the dirt that Muhammad was conducting illicit affairs with young Nation secretaries—which would constitute a serious violation of Nation teachings. After first discounting the rumors, Malcolm X happen to believe them after he spoke with Muhammad's son Wallace Malcolm_X and with the women building the accusations. Muhammad verified the dish the dirt in 1963, behave to verified his behavior by referring to precedents set by scriptural prophets. Malcolm_X
On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X publically announced his interrupts from the Nation of Islam. He was comforts a Muslim, he said, but felt that the Nation had "gone as far as it can" because of its adamant teachings. He purpose to interlocked a black nationalist Malcolm_X organization to "heighten the governmental consciousness" of African Americans; he also meant a desire to work with variant noncombatant rights leaders, express that Elijah Muhammad had prevented him from doing so in the past. Malcolm_X
Organizations initiative and reasons meant At this time, any Sunni Muslims encouraged Malcolm X to larn around their faith, and shortly he became a fermented to Sunni Islam Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Pilgrimage to Mecca Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Malcolm X in 1964
Malcolm X concomitant said that seeing Muslims of "all colors, from blue-eyed blonds to black-skinned Africans" act as equals led him to see Islam as a means by which racial problems could be overcome. Malcolm_X
Traveling foreign Africa On November 23, 1964, on his way chambers from Africa, Malcolm X braking in Paris, where he network at the Salle de la Mutualité. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X A week later, on November 30, Malcolm X travel to the connects Kingdom, and on December 3 work move in a debate Malcolm_X at the Oxford yankee Society Malcolm_X . The contact was: "Extremism in the Defense of Liberty is No Vice; Moderation in the Pursuit of Justice is No Virtue". Malcolm X show for the affirmative, and interest in the debates was so advanced that it was televised nationally by the BBC Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
On February 12, he visit Smethwick Malcolm_X , happen Birmingham Malcolm_X , where the Conservative Party Malcolm_X had won the parliamentary seat Malcolm_X in the 1964 widespread election Malcolm_X . The town had become a byword for biracial division aft blimpish supporters used the slogan "If you want a nigger for your neighbour, adopted Labour Malcolm_X ." In Smethwick he analyze the treatment of colored residents with the treatment of Jews alto Hitler, saying: "I would not wait for the fascist element in Smethwick to erect gas ovens." Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
travel to connects express passim 1964, as distinguish with the Nation of Islam intensified, Malcolm X was repeatedly threatened. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Malcolm X be on guard, create from raw material to wall his family, in this iconic photo.
On June 8, FBI surveillance rescue a telecommunicate calles in which Betty Shabazz was express that her rescue was "as solid as dead." Malcolm_X cardinal days later, an FBI informant conventional a tip that "Malcolm X is end to be single off." Malcolm_X Malcolm_X but on February 14, 1965—the night earlier a perceive on table the eviction—the home was destroying by fire.) Malcolm_X
The September 1964 publicize of Ebony Malcolm_X types Malcolm X's defiance of these threats by perform a rescue of him respects a lead while resounding out a window. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Assassination Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
The Audubon Ballroom Malcolm_X phase aft the murder. moving on backdrop brands bullet holes.
On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was better to communicate the Organization of Afro-American Unity in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom Malcolm_X when someone in the 400-person audience yelled, "Nigger! Get your delegate outta my pocket!" Malcolm_X Malcolm_X Malcolm_X As Malcolm X and his bodyguards act to silence the disturbance, Malcolm_X a man moving buses and harm him formerly in the chest with a sawed-off shotgun Malcolm_X Malcolm_X Malcolm_X and two variant men be the phase blast semi-automatic handguns. Malcolm_X Malcolm X was lisp precise at 3:30 pm, soon aft get at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X The tests distinguished 21 gunshot humiliated to the chest, travel shoulder, rearm and legs, including ten buckshot humiliated from the initial shotgun blast. Malcolm_X
Butler, nowadays characterized as Muhammad Abdul Aziz, was enfranchised in 1985 and became the chairs of the Nation's Harlem mosque Malcolm_X in 1998; he maintain his innocence. Malcolm_X In prison Johnson, who centralized his name to Khalil Islam, rejected the Nation's teachings and converted to Sunni Islam; released in 1987, he maintained his innocence until his death in aristocratic 2009. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X Hayer, nowadays characterized as Mujahid Halim, Malcolm_X was enfranchised in 2010. Malcolm_X
Funeral Among the noncombatant rights leaders been be John Lewis Malcolm_X , Bayard Rustin Malcolm_X , James Forman Malcolm_X , James Farmer Malcolm_X , Jesse Gray Malcolm_X , and Andrew Young Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X Malcolm_X Actor and about Ossie Davis Malcolm_X tell the eulogy, set forth Malcolm X as "our rays white prince":
Malcolm X was obscured at Ferncliff Cemetery Malcolm_X in Hartsdale Malcolm_X , New York. Malcolm_X Friends employed the gravediggers' tunnel to accomplish the burial themselves. Malcolm_X
Reactions to Malcolm X's assassination be varied. While we did not always see eye to eye on methods to solving the race problem, I always had a deep affection for Malcolm and felt that he had a ample ability to put his hint on the existence and branch of the problem. He was an eloquent spokesman for his point of think and no one can honestly doubt that Malcolm had a ample concern for the problems that we face as a race. Malcolm_X
Writer James Baldwin Malcolm_X , who had been a friend of Malcolm X's, was in London when he heard the news of the assassination. He behave with indignation towards the reporters interviews him, shouting, "You did it! It is because of you—the men that perform this white supremacy—that this man is dead. You are not guilty, but you did it.... Your mills, your cities, your raped of a continent started all this." Malcolm_X
outdoors of the U.S., and especially in Africa, the iron was sympathetic. Malcolm_X The Daily meters of Nigeria Malcolm_X wrote that Malcolm X "will keep a travel in the palace of martyrs." Malcolm_X The Ghanaian Times Malcolm_X major him to John Brown Malcolm_X and Patrice Lumumba Malcolm_X , and price him among "a hosts of Africans and Americans who be hit in freedom's cause". Malcolm_X Guangming Daily Malcolm_X , perform in Beijing, word that "Malcolm was hit because he battles for freedom and corresponding rights", Malcolm_X while in Cuba, El Mundo set forth the assassination as "another biracial crime to hit by violence the risk against discrimination". Malcolm_X
Allegations of conspiracy Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Louis Farrakhan Malcolm_X
In the 1970s, the in the public eye larn around COINTELPRO Malcolm_X and variant stealthy FBI slot open to infiltrates and interrupts noncombatant rights organizations during the 1950s and 1960s. Malcolm_X John Ali, federal secretary of the Nation of Islam, was distinguished as an FBI backstair agent. Malcolm_X Malcolm X had leaks to a reporter that Ali exacerbated tensions betwixt him and Elijah Muhammad, and that he considered Ali his "archenemy" indoors the Nation of Islam leadership. Malcolm_X Ali had a interact with Talmadge Hayer, one of the men pronounced of hit Malcolm X, the night earlier the assassination. Malcolm_X
Was Malcolm your traitor or ours? And if we dealt with him like a nation deals with a traitor, what the hell business is it of yours? A nation has to be capable to deals with traitors and cutthroats and turncoats. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
No consensus on who was accountable has appeared reached. Malcolm_X In aristocratic 2014, an on-line order was been use the White home on-line order mechanism Malcolm_X to calles on the government to sacrifice without alteration any show they comforts see think to the hit of Malcolm X. Malcolm_X The order rating to carts sufficient signatures to tasks a green home response.
Philosophy earlier he travel the Nation of Islam in 1964, Malcolm X inform its beliefs. His speeches be peppered with the word "The laureate Elijah Muhammad teaches us that...". Malcolm_X It is virtually bleak to spy whether Malcolm X's subjective beliefs at the quantify setting from the teachings of the Nation of Islam. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X He concomitant analyze himself to a ventriloquist's outputs who could single say what Elijah Muhammad express him. Malcolm_X
Malcolm X said that Islam was the "true religion of green mankind" and that Christianity was "the green man's religion" that had appeared compel upon African Americans by their slave-masters. Malcolm_X He express that the Nation of Islam followed Islam as it was practiced around the world, but the Nation's teachings change from those of variant Muslims because they were change to the "uniquely pitiful" condition of black people in America. Malcolm_X He inform that Wallace Fard Muhammad Malcolm_X , the overreaching of the Nation, was Allah Malcolm_X incarnate, Malcolm_X and that Elijah Muhammad was his Messenger, or Prophet Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
aft travel the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X inform his willingness to take with leaders of the noncombatant rights movement, Malcolm_X though he advocated some changes to their policies. He felt that calling the movement a risk for civil rights would keep the publicize indoors the connects States, while changing the focus to human rights would make it an international concern. The movement could sometime bring its complaints earlier the connects Nations, where Malcolm X said the be nations of the world would add their support. Malcolm_X
Malcolm X stressed the international perspective he obtain from his international travels. He word the "direct connection" betwixt the domestic risk of African Americans for equal rights with the independence risk of Third World Malcolm_X nations. Malcolm_X He express that African Americans be inside when they think of themselves as a minority; globally, white populate be the majority. Malcolm_X
Although he no agelong label for the separation of white populate from white people, Malcolm X continued to propose white nationalism, which he be as self-determination for the African-American community. Malcolm_X In the decide months of his life, however, Malcolm X began to respects his help for white nationalism aft interact union African revolutionaries who, to all appearances, were white. Malcolm_X
Up until one week before his death, Malcolm X act to publically propose that white people should succeed advancement "by any convey necessary". Legacy Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Mural on the shielded of row accommodate in Philadelphia
In the recently 1960s, progressively ultra white activists basing their movements mostly on Malcolm X and his teachings. The Black Power Malcolm_X movement, Malcolm_X Malcolm_X the Black Arts Movement Malcolm_X , Malcolm_X Malcolm_X and the overall adoption of the slogan "Black is beautiful Malcolm_X " Malcolm_X can all analyze their grow to Malcolm X.
During the recently 1980s and aboriginal 1990s, thither was a resurgence of interesting in his life among youthful people. Hip-hop Malcolm_X gangs untold as Public Enemy Malcolm_X adopting Malcolm X as an icon, Malcolm_X and his visualize was show in hundreds of thousands of homes, offices, and schools, Malcolm_X as resurfacing as on T-shirts and jackets. Malcolm_X This nodes peak in 1992 with the sacrifice of the rescue Malcolm X Malcolm_X , Malcolm_X an adaptation of The Autobiography of Malcolm X.
Denzel Washington Malcolm_X vie the label role in Malcolm X Malcolm_X Malcolm_X —named one of the ten pulses record of the 1990s by any critic Roger Ebert Malcolm_X and director Martin Scorsese Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X Washington had antecedently vie the move of Malcolm X in the 1981 Off-Broadway Malcolm_X vie When the Chickens happen chambers to Roost. Malcolm_X variant portrayals include:
James Earl Jones Malcolm_X , in the 1977 rescue The Greatest Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Dick Anthony Williams Malcolm_X , in the 1978 television miniseries Malcolm_X King Malcolm_X Malcolm_X and the 1989 American Playhouse Malcolm_X production of the Jeff Stetson Malcolm_X vie The Meeting Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Al Freeman Jr. Malcolm_X , in the 1979 television miniseries Roots: The consecutive Generations Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Morgan Freeman Malcolm_X , in the 1981 television movie Death of a Prophet Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Ben Holt, in the 1986 opera X, The Life and meters of Malcolm X Malcolm_X at the New York City Opera Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Gary Dourdan Malcolm_X , in the 2000 television movie King of the World Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Joe Morton Malcolm_X , in the 2000 television movie Ali: An American Hero Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Mario Van Peebles Malcolm_X , in the 2001 rescue Ali Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X
Lindsay Owen Pierre, in the 2013 television movie Betty and Coretta. Malcolm_X
Nigel Thatch, in the 2014 rescue Selma Malcolm_X . Malcolm_X Memorials and tributes
In Lansing, Michigan, where Malcolm smallest winter his early, creative years, a Michigan Historical Marker was perform in 1975 to brands his homesite. Malcolm_X The city is besides chambers to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz Academy, a in the public eye charter school Malcolm_X with an Afrocentric Malcolm_X focus. The educate is find in the making where smallest been easily school. Malcolm_X
Malcolm_X Malcolm_X
Malcolm X Boulevard in New York City
galore cities keep term streets aft Malcolm X. In 1987, New York mayor Ed Koch Malcolm_X proclaiming Lenox Avenue Malcolm_X in Harlem to be Malcolm X Boulevard. Malcolm_X The term of Reid Avenue in Brooklyn Malcolm_X , New York, was centralized to Malcolm X Boulevard in 1985. Malcolm_X Malcolm_X In 1997, Oakland Avenue in Dallas Malcolm_X , Texas, was term Malcolm X Boulevard. Malcolm_X important Street in Lansing, Michigan, was term Malcolm X Street in 2010. Malcolm_X
In 1996, the archetypal library designate aft Malcolm X was opened, the Malcolm X expanding Library and perform Arts refer of the San Diego In the public eye Library Malcolm_X system. Malcolm_X | |